Ideał wychowania w kulturze renesansowej.
Posted by aleandra w dniu 22 stycznia 2009
W epoce odrodzenia dokonują się wielkie zmiany w pedagogice. Pedagogowie – humaniści – starali się przeciwstawstawić średniowiecznemu systemowi wychowania. Podejmowali walkę ze scholastycznym charakterem nauki i religijno- kościelnym charakterem wychowania.
Pedagogowie – humaniści – domagali się świeckiego kierunku wychowania. Wciągnięcie do studiów czynniki świeckie, uwolnienie nauki od jej charakteru teologiczno – kościelnego i opracowanie programu wychowania dla użytku społeczeństwa świeckiego. Stare formy wychowania spotykały się z ostrą krytyką. Szkoły prowadzone przez duchowieństwo traciły zaufanie. Dwory i klasy zamożne organizowały wychowanie u siebie w nowym duchu, szukając humanistów na nauczycieli. Charakterystyczne dla tego obszaru były wyjazdy młodzieży na uniwersytety.
Na program kształcenia umysłowego kładziono nacisk na wszechstronny rozwój umysłu, program ten to program świecki. Teologia i filozofia scholastyczna są z niego wykluczone. Kultem otaczało się języki starożytne, zwłaszcza łacinę (czystą klasyczną mowę Cycerona, Horacego). Starano się o wszechstronny rozwój, wrodzonych uzdolnień. Wszyscy pragnęli wszystko studiować i poznawać. W wykształceniu szkolnym dominowało przede wszystkim wychowanie językowe.
Duża troska o wychowanie fizyczne. Pragnienie wychowania ludzi zdrowych, dzielnych i radosnych – odejście od umartwiania ciała.
Pojawienie dbałości o wygląd ciała, wygląd zewnętrzny, higienę ciała, zgrabne ruchy, ładną postawę i harmonijną budowę.
Ćwiczenia gimnastyczne, taniec, pływanie, rytmika, przebywanie na świeżym powietrzu stały się przedmiotem dyskusji i polityki.
Nastąpiło odrodzenie zasad starożytnych w dziedzinie wychowania moralnego – inny chakaterystyczny rys nowego wychowania. Dotychczas surowe poglądy, oparte na dyscyplinie kija, ustępowały miejsca łagodności i większego liczenia się z naturą dziecka.
Domaganie się życzliwego traktowania dziecka, pogody i wesołości oddziaływanie na ambicję przez pochwały i nagrody, przez wpojone współzawodnictwo.
Wychowanie w epoce renesansu było przeznaczone głównie dla młodzieży zamożnych klas.
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